U-matic came to the market in Japan in 1968 as the first type of video cassette ever. One cassette has a size of approx. 22 cm x 14 cm x 3 cm and contains two reels next to each other, which are covered by a 3/4 inch wide magnetic tape.
No big appeal
The system was originally developed for consumers, but didn’t become popular due to its high acquisition cost and unhandy size and heaviness. U-Matic tapes have a duration of 60 minutes and therefore were not suitable for recording movies. But since the tape were great in quality, the format established in the semiprofessional sector. At first the format was used for the industry and school program. After further development to the U-Matic high band format it also was used for electronic reporting and enabled the first filmless reporting for television.
Format war
As U-matic came to Europe in 1972, the VCR format was already existing. It was more handy and cheaper and even the better quality of U-Matic tapes couldn’t compete with it. U-Matic also didn’t have a chance against Betamax and VHS, which came out later. In the end, the VHS won this war and the 1978 released high band format couldn’t do anything about it. The new format was exclusively used in broadcasting stations for reporting.
Next to the standard tapes with max. 60 minutes duration, there was another cassette, the U-Matic S with 20 minutes duration. It was meant for portable recorders and quite popular. Especially for the advertising and television sector there were cassettes with durations of five or ten minutes that could be used for finished works.
Image: By DRs Kulturarvsprojekt from Copenhagen, Danmark (U-Matic tapeUploaded by palnatoke) [CC BY-SA 2.0]